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Ahamkara, often translated as the "I-former," is a key concept in the Sankhya philosophy, which outlines the nature of consciousness and the distinction between the individual self and the material world. In Sankhya, Ahamkara is described as the sense of individuality or ego that arises within the field of consciousness. It plays a critical role in the process of self-identification, where individuals perceive themselves as distinct entities separate from the rest of existence.

Sankhya philosophy provides a dualistic view of reality, distinguishing between Purusha (the true self or consciousness) and Prakriti (nature or the material world). Ahamkara emerges as a product of Prakriti, representing the individual's identification and attachment to physical forms and experiences. This identification, while necessary for functioning in the world, can lead to suffering and is a focus of the transformative practices found in Hindu philosophies including Yoga.

In contrast, the other philosophical systems mentioned approach the concept of self and consciousness differently. Yoga, while interconnected with Sankhya, focuses more on practices that lead to the realization of the self beyond Ahamkara. Vedanta emphasizes the ultimate unity of all beings in Brahman, downplaying the ego's significance. Nyaya is primarily